Parker hatte sich sogar anhören müssen, die Menschen hätten grundsätzlich kein Interesse an Filmen mit schwarzen Protagonisten. In the wake of the president's death, Austin Stoneman and other Radical Republicans are determined to punish the South, employing harsh measures that Griffith depicts as having been typical of the Reconstruction Era.[22]. Für viele der beteiligten Schauspieler war dies nach eigenen Aussagen sehr emotional. [51] Wilson, and only Wilson, is quoted by name in the movie for his observations on American history, and the title of Wilson's book (History of the American People) is mentioned as well. "[28]:430 In a letter to President Wilson sent on September 5, 1915, Dixon boasted: "This play is transforming the entire population of the North and the West into sympathetic Southern voters. "[32] According to Karen Crowe, "[t]here is not a single event, word, character, or circumstance taken from The Leopard's Spots.... Any likenesses between the film and The Leopard's Spots occur because some similar scenes, circumstances, and characters appear in both books. The accuracy of his saying it was "terribly true" is disputed by historians; there is no contemporary documentation of the remark. [22] Dieser 2:37 min lange Trailer zeigt die Verwandlung des folgsamen Leibeigenen zum Anführer einer Rebellion. 6 by Ludwig van Beethoven, and "Ride of the Valkyries" by Richard Wagner, the latter used as a leitmotif during the ride of the KKK. [33], For many years, The Birth of a Nation was poorly represented in home media and restorations. August töteten er und sieben andere Sklaven ihre Besitzer. Ihm wird vorhergesagt, er werde einst ein Prophet sein, und Nat wird zum Prediger seiner Mitsklaven. [128] Franklin wrote the film's depiction of Reconstruction as a hellish time when black freedmen ran amok, raping and killing whites with impunity until the Klan stepped in is not supported by the facts. Das Wissen um seine Heldentaten hat mir Mut gegeben, meine künstlerischen Ziele zu verfolgen. [6][7] It was the first 12-reel film ever made and, at three hours, also the longest up to that point. [129], The civil rights movement and other social movements created a new generation of historians, such as scholar Eric Foner, who led a reassessment of Reconstruction. Griffith's budget started at US$40,000[33] (equivalent to $1,010,000 in 2019) but rose to over $100,000[3] (equivalent to $2,530,000 in 2019). Nicht nur kommerziell, sondern auch filmisch setzt "The Birth of a Nation" neue Maßstäbe. Nat beginnt das Ausmaß der Sklaverei zu erkennen und will sich nicht weiter in der Rolle als Prediger missbrauchen lassen. One of the intertitles clearly sums up the message of unity: "The former enemies of North and South are united again in defense of their Aryan birthright. It's tempting to think of the film's influence as evidence of the inherent corruption of realism as a cinematic mode—but it's even more revealing to acknowledge the disjunction between its beauty, on the one hand, and, on the other, its injustice and falsehood. [132], One of the earliest high-quality home versions was film preservationist David Shepard's 1992 transfer of a 16mm print for VHS and LaserDisc release via Image Entertainment. West Point engineers provided technical advice on the American Civil War battle scenes, providing Griffith with the artillery used in the film. The Birth of a Nation is a landmark of film history. Nachdem Turner am 30. Mit einem gigantischen 110.000 Dollar Budget und maximalem Werbeaufwand entstand 1915 D.W. Griffiths Monumentalepos über das Schicksal zweier eng befreundeter Familien aus den Nord- und Südstaaten, die in den Wirren des amerikanischen Sezessionskrieges 1861 bis 1865 nicht zu … [27]:330, Kinemacolor received a settlement from the producers of Birth when they proved that they had an earlier right to film the work. In 1992, the U.S. Library of Congress deemed the film "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry. The Birth of a Nation, landmark silent film, released in 1915, that was the first blockbuster Hollywood hit. Kein Blut zu zeigen, so Parker, sei das, was in vielen Kampfszenen oft falsch gemacht werde. ... Griffith may have been a racist politically, but his refusal to find uplift in the South's war against the Union—and, implicitly, in any war at all—reveals him as a cinematic humanist."[81]. Meanwhile, the Cameron women are rescued by Confederate soldiers who rout a black militia after an attack on the Cameron home. [66], One famous part of the film was added by Griffith only on the second run of the film[67] and is missing from most online versions of the film (presumably taken from first run prints).[68]. [28]:432, ... stung by criticisms that the second half of his masterpiece was racist in its glorification of the Ku Klux Klan and its brutal images of blacks, Griffith tried to make amends in Intolerance (1916), which criticized prejudice. [25] Insgesamt wird die Filmmusik als ungewöhnlich vielfältig beschrieben, und sie greife auf mehrere musikalische Traditionen und Referenzen zurück. November 2016 beim Tokyo International Film Festival erstmals in Japan vorgestellt werden. It secured both the future of feature-length films and the reception of film as a serious medium. [10], Der Regisseur stammt, wie auch der Protagonist des Films, aus Virginia. Early movie critic Frank E. Woods attended; Griffith always credited Woods with bringing The Clansman to his attention. [94] Critic Dolly Dalrymple wrote that, "when I saw it, it was far from silent ... incessant murmurs of approval, roars of laughter, gasps of anxiety, and outbursts of applause greeted every new picture on the screen". The evidence that Wilson knew "the character of the play" in advance of seeing it is circumstantial but very strong: "Given Dixon's career and the notoriety attached to the play The Clansman, it is not unreasonable to assume that Wilson must have had some idea of at least the general tenor of the film. The film was controversial even before its release and has remained so ever since; it has been called "the most controversial film ever made in the United States". Januar 2016 beim Sundance Film Festival uraufgeführt und am 7. Als methodistischer Laienprediger versammelte er später die Sklaven der Umgebung um sich. It was the longest and most-profitable film then produced and the most artistically advanced film of its day. [91], Both Griffith and Dixon in letters to the press dismissed African-American protests against The Birth of a Nation. There will never be an issue of your segregation policy". It was also long rumored, including by Griffith's biographer Seymour Stern, that the original film included a rape scene between Gus and Flora before her suicide, but in 1974 the cinematographer Karl Brown denied that such a scene had been filmed. Finally, Brody argued that the end of the film, where the Klan prevents defenseless African Americans from exercising their right to vote by pointing guns at them, today seems "unjust and cruel". Early that morning, Dixon called on a North Carolina friend, the white-supremacist Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy. Oktober 2016 in den US-amerikanischen Kinos veröffentlicht wurde. Der Afroamerikaner Nat Turner wächst zu Beginn des 19. [34] Am 7. This stemmed from several factors, one of which was the fact that Griffith and others had frequently reworked the film, leaving no definitive version. "[31]:xvii–xviii, Griffith agreed to pay Thomas Dixon $10,000 (equivalent to $255,249 in 2019) for the rights to his play The Clansman. "[124], The film further reinforced the popular belief held by whites, especially in the South, of Reconstruction as a disaster. Within Our Gates depicts the hardships faced by African Americans during the era of Jim Crow laws. Elsie frees her mouth and screams for help. In The Birth of a Nation führt ein Ex … The plot of The Birth of a Nation revolves around two families living on either side of the Mason-Dixon Line who become friends when their sons board together at school. "[57] Wilson over the years had several times used the metaphor of illuminating history as if by lightning and he may well have said it at the time. [28]:432 Franklin wrote as recently as the 1970s that the popular journalist Alistair Cooke in his books and TV shows was still essentially following the version of history set out by The Birth of a Nation, noting that Cooke had much sympathy with the suffering of whites in Reconstruction while having almost nothing to say about the suffering of blacks or about how blacks were stripped of almost all their rights after 1877. The Birth of a Nation 1915 1080p. [104] The film was directed by Thomas Dixon Jr., who adapted it from his novel of the same name. On April 24, 1916, the Chicago American reported that a white man murdered a black teenager in Lafayette, Indiana, after seeing the film, although there has been some controversy as to whether the murderer had actually seen The Birth of a Nation. They presented the film as "endorsed" by the President and the cream of Washington society. ...(the) portrayal of "Austin Stoneman" (bald, clubfoot; mulatto mistress, etc.) He brought it to fruition in The Birth of a Nation." The Birth of a Nation ( 1915) The Birth of a Nation. Describing the Reconstruction era, the film adapts quotations from a history book written by Woodrow Wilson, an adherent of the Dunning School. "[100], The Reverend Charles Henry Parkhurst argued that the film was not racist, saying that it "was exactly true to history" by depicting freedmen as they were and, therefore, it was a "compliment to the black man" by showing how far black people had "advanced" since Reconstruction. These included several Civil War shorts also directed by D. W. They stormed the box office in protest, 260 police on standby rushed in, and a general melee ensued. Lynch then orders a crackdown on the Klan after discovering Gus's murder. In addition to the entire Supreme Court, in the audience were "many members of Congress and members of the diplomatic corps",[61][62] the Secretary of the Navy, 38 members of the Senate, and about 50 members of the House of Representatives. Später stießen Aunjanue Ellis, Dwight Henry, Roger Guenveur Smith, Tony Espinosa und Griffin Freeman zur Crew. Elsie takes Cameron's mother, who had traveled to Washington to tend her son, to see Abraham Lincoln, and Mrs. Cameron persuades the President to pardon Ben. [28]:421 Some filming took place in Big Bear Lake, California. [107] In 1920, African-American filmmaker Oscar Micheaux released Within Our Gates, a response to The Birth of a Nation. ], "The white men were roused by a mere instinct of self-preservation.....until at last there had sprung into existence a great Ku Klux Klan, a veritable empire of the South, to protect the southern country." And my only regret is that it is all so terribly true. Die Montage hatte die Aufgabe, Handlungen weich und flüssig zu verbinde… In one scene, a room filled with empty desks flickers, and then, thanks to a bit of movie magic, fills with black men who’ve been elected to the state legislature. One such quotation went, “The white men were roused by a mere instinct of self-preservation . non-Southerners who in Dixon's opinion were hostile to the truth about the South. Lynch, who had been lusting after Elsie, tries to force her to marry him, which causes her to faint. Januar 2016 beim Sundance Film Festival seine Premiere. Dieses stellt durch vier rote Reihen von Personen, abwechselnd eine Reihe mit Weißen und eine Reihe mit Afroamerikanern, und den in ein blaues Rechteck gesetzten Filmtitel eine vereinfachte US-amerikanische Flagge dar. [29]:296, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) protested at premieres of the film in numerous cities. Viele potenzielle Geldgeber waren sich laut Parker unsicher, ob überhaupt jemand für das Thema interessiert werden könnte. In der Freigabebegründung heißt es: „Das auf Fakten basierende Drama erzählt von einem schwarzen Sklaven in den USA der ersten Hälfte des 19. [29]:299, There is dispute about Wilson's attitude toward the movie. Dixon had been a fellow graduate student in history with Wilson at Johns Hopkins University and, in 1913, dedicated his historical novel about Lincoln, The Southerner, to "our first Southern-born president since Lincoln, my friend and collegemate Woodrow Wilson". Januar 2016 beim Sundance Film Festival uraufgeführt und am 7. The assassination of Lincoln marks the transition from war to Reconstruction, each of which periods has one of the two "acts" of the film. Since he ran out of money and could afford only $2,500 of the original option, Griffith offered Dixon 25 percent interest in the picture. [82] The NAACP also conducted a public education campaign, publishing articles protesting the film's fabrications and inaccuracies, organizing petitions against it, and conducting education on the facts of the war and Reconstruction. [108] Griffith's film was remixed in 2004 as Rebirth of a Nation by DJ Spooky. [77] The film historian Richard Schickel says that under the state's rights contracts, Epoch typically received about 10% of the box office gross—which theater owners often underreported—and concludes that "Birth certainly generated more than $60 million in box-office business in its first run". The Birth of a Nation—1915’s blockbuster hit and the most popular movie of its day—was released 100 years ago this month.It’s just as shocking now as it was then. Das Filmdrama erzählt die Geschichte des amerikanischen Sklavenanführers Nat Turner(1800–1831). Eine blutige und äußerst gewalttätige Schlacht beginnt, bei der viele Weiße, aber noch mehr Schwarze getötet werden. "The Birth of a Nation" gave the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People its first major opportunity to flex its muscle and win; helped to formulate the Hollywood Production Code; and sparked a call for movies shot from the black point of view, according to Mr. Cripps. Here is “the birth of a nation,” in the sense that a new ruling paradigm has emerged, one that channels male sexual energy not into the violence of rape and war but into the gentle, controlled sexuality of mo-nogamous marriage. [45], The Birth of a Nation – Aufstand zur Freiheit, RC Production Kunze & Wunder GmbH & Co. KG, Großen Preis der Jury für den besten Spielfilm, Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft, Vorlage:FSK/Wartung/typ nicht gesetzt und Par. made no mistaking that, of course, Stoneman was Thaddeus Stevens..." Robinson, Cedric J.; This includes the one at the Internet Movie Archive, DW GRIFFITH THE BIRTH OF A NATION PART 1 1915, Rylance, David "Breech Birth: The Receptions To D.W. Griffith's, Rylance, David. Ben Cameron leads a heroic final charge at the Siege of Petersburg, earning the nickname of "the Little Colonel", but he is also wounded and captured. Filme entwickelten sich von kurzen Szenen zu längeren und komplexeren Geschichten. [76] It is likely the film earned over $20 million for its backers and generated $50–100 million in box office receipts. However black extras who had been housed in segregated quarters, including Griffith's acquaintance and frequent collaborator Madame Sul-Te-Wan, can be seen in many other shots of the film.[23]. „The Birth of a Nation“ hieß er, 1915 strömten Millionen Amerikaner zum Stummfilm von David Wark Griffith in die Kinos. Info. The penultimate title is: "Dare we dream of a golden day when the bestial War shall rule no more. Like Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will, it is a great film that argues for evil. During the election, in which Lynch is elected lieutenant governor, blacks are observed stuffing the ballot boxes, while many whites are denied the vote. [75] It is not known for sure how much the film has earned in total, but producer Harry Aitken put its estimated earnings at $15–18 million in a letter to a prospective investor in a proposed sound version. [34], The title was changed to The Birth of a Nation before the March 2 New York opening. These are the second and third of three opening title cards which defend the film. In addition, several scenes were cut at the insistence of New York Mayor John Purroy Mitchel due to their highly racist content before its release in New York City, including a female abolitionist activist recoiling from the body odor of a black boy, black men seizing white women on the streets of Piedmont, and deportations of blacks with the title "Lincoln's Solution." ", There was an uncompleted, now lost, 1911 version, titled The Clansman. "[115] David Duke used the film to recruit Klansmen in the 1970s.[116]. "[85] In New York, Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise told the press after seeing The Birth of a Nation that the film was "an indescribable foul and loathsome libel on a race of human beings". Im Film ist das Lied in einer Coverversion von Nina Simone zu hören, deren Version einen etwas langsameren Rhythmus hat und von einigen anderen Instrumenten begleitet wird, als das Original. [53]:126 As put by Dixon, not an impartial source, "it repeated the triumph of the first showing". Ziel der Filmemacher war es, diese Geschichten möglichst flüssig und klar zu erzählen, sodass der Zuschauer sie ohne Probleme verstehen konnte. With the war, however, both families are split apart, and their losses culminate in the end of the war with the defense of white supremacy. Together with Margaret Cameron, they flee. [52] The showing of the movie had caused "several near-riots". The Birth of a Nation was a sensation after its release in 1915. When news about Elsie reaches Ben, he and others go to her rescue. Though broadcast on Channel 4 television and theatrically screened many times, Photoplay's 1993 version was never released on home video. [45] The second night, it was sold out and people were turned away. Der Film kam am 13. The movie's fabricated events shouldn't lead any viewer to deny the historical facts of slavery and Reconstruction. In the villages the negroes were the office holders, men who knew none of the uses of authority, except its insolences. [118] The American Film Institute recognized the film by ranking it #44 within the AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list in 1998. Lynch is captured. Both were released on DVD by Image in 1998 and the United Kingdom's Eureka Entertainment in 2000. [50], Birth of a Nation was the first movie shown in the White House, in the East Room, on February 18, 1915. [30] Griffith first announced his intent to adapt Dixon's play to Gish and Walthall after filming Home Sweet Home in 1914. : The Confederate States of America, Hillary's America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party, List of films and television shows about the American Civil War, "The Worst Thing About 'Birth of a Nation' Is How Good It Is", "MJ Movie Reviews – Birth of a Nation, The (1915) by Dan DeVore", "Revered and Reviled: D.W. Griffith's 'The Birth of a Nation, "Top Ten – Top 10 Banned Films of the 20th century – Top 10 – Top 10 List – Top 10 Banned Movies – Censored Movies – Censored Films", "Complete National Film Registry Listing | Film Registry | National Film Preservation Board | Programs at the Library of Congress", "The Anthemic Allure Of 'Dixie,' An Enduring Confederate Monument", "Birth of a Nation [Original Soundtrack]", http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A138527522/GPS, "Myth and Fact: The Reception of The Birth of a Nation", "Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media » The Birth of a Nation and Black Protest", Watch Videos Online | The Birth of a Nation | Veoh.com, "Distribution: States Rights or Road Show", "D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation 100 Years Later: Still Great, Still Shameful", "An NAACP Official Calls for Censorship of The Birth of a Nation", "When 'Birth of a Nation' sparked a riot in Boston", "A Tarnished Silver Screen: How a racist film helped the Ku Klux Klan grow for generations", "Mary Pickford's Favorite Stars and Films", "A 1905 Silent Movie Revolutionizes American Film – and Radicalizes American Nationalists", "Thomas Dixon, Jr.: Conflicts in History and Literature", "Notorious silent movie drew local protests", "Deride the lightning: assessing The Birth of a Nation 100 years on", "Rebirth of a Nation at Paula Cooper Gallery", "100 Years Later, What's The Legacy Of 'Birth Of A Nation'? ", "What Was the Most Influential Film in History? Watch later. However, Stevens' biracial housekeeper, Lydia Hamilton Smith, was considered his common-law wife, and was generously provided for in his will. The Birth of a Nation is 100 years old, and it’s a film that’s not going to go away. The newly elected, mostly black members of the South Carolina legislature are shown at their desks displaying extremely racist stereotypical behavior, such as one member taking off his shoes and putting his feet up on his desk, and others drinking liquor and feasting on fried chicken. Jahrhunderts, der angesichts des Unrechts und der Brutalität der Sklaverei einen Aufstand anzettelt. [...] Die Szenen des eigentlichen Aufstandes bergen zahlreiche Gewaltdarstellungen, die teils drastisch ausfallen [...] 16-Jährige sind in der Lage, diese Szenen in den Kontext einzuordnen und zu verarbeiten, wobei ihnen das historische Setting die Distanzierung erleichtert. Lynch's crackdown. [110], In an article for The Atlantic, film critic Ty Burr deemed The Birth of a Nation the most influential film in history while criticizing its portrayal of black men as savage. Er beginnt diese zu erforschen und daraus zu predigen. [127] In including the assassination, the film also establishes to the audience that the plot of the movie has historical basis. Auf den Plantagen der Südstaaten arbeiteten zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch vier Millionen Schwarze als Sklaven. [28]:427–428 Franklin wrote that most freed slaves continued to work for their former masters in Reconstruction for the want of a better alternative and, though relations between freedmen and their former masters were not friendly, very few freedmen sought revenge against the people who had enslaved them. Dr. Cameron is arrested for possessing Ben's Klan regalia, now considered a capital crime. [73] When the film opened, the tickets were sold at premium prices. At the New York premiere, Dixon spoke on stage between the parts, reminding the audience that the dramatic version of The Clansman appeared in that venue nine years previously. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt ist der Trailer mit den Klängen des Grammy-nominierten Songs Rise Up von Andra Day unterlegt[23], der als emotionale Hymne die inspirierende Predigt von Turner musikalisch widerhallen lässt. [31] Nachdem im Januar die Oscar-Nominierungen bekanntgegeben wurden und daraufhin eine Diskussion über fehlende kulturelle Vielfalt, insbesondere in Bezug auf schwarze Schauspieler und Regisseure in Hollywood, aufflammte[9], weil zum zweiten Mal in Folge kein einziger schwarzer Schauspieler nominiert wurde, stand The Birth of a Nation im Fokus der Veranstaltung und stieß auf das besondere Interesse der US-amerikanischen Filmindustrie. [28][page needed] Dixon always vehemently denied having anti-black prejudices—despite the way his books promoted white supremacy—and stated: "My books are hard reading for a Negro, and yet the Negroes, in denouncing them, are unwittingly denouncing one of their greatest friends". [5] Nach 36 Stunden wurde der Aufstand durch eine Übermacht des zu Hilfe geholten Militärs niedergeschlagen. To understand how it does so is to learn a great deal about film, and even something about evil. It, too, was given the original Breil score and featured the film's original tinting for the first time since its 1915 release. This film is a depiction of community genocide in the name of reconstruction, along the lines of social order then and now. Der Film propagierte klar rassistische Inhalte und trug durch seine Verherrlichung offenbar maßgeblich zur Neugründung des rassistischen Geheimbundes Ku-Klux-Klan bei. For several months, Griffith's team traveled to various cities to show the film for one or two nights before moving on. The Birth of a Nation 1915 1080p - YouTube. 'The Birth of a Nation - Geburt einer Nation' ist eines der umstrittensten Meisterwerke der Filmgeschichte. Auch den Wunsch nach Rache als Handlungsmotiv kann diese Altersgruppe verstehen und hinterfragen, ohne dass dieser Aspekt eine sozialethisch desorientierende Wirkung entfaltet.“[38], Nicht nur wegen der Begeisterung des Sundance-Publikums, sondern auch im Hinblick auf die aktuellen Stimmungen in Hollywood[39] und einer möglichen Unterstützung durch 20th Century Fox wurden der Film und sein Regisseur bereits kurz nach seiner Premiere, aber auch vor seiner Vorführung beim Toronto International Film Festival 2016 von vielen Kritikern als großer Oscar-Anwärter gehandelt. Im April 2015 wurde ein Casting-Aufruf für die Suche von Neben- und Statistenrollen gestartet. Brody maintained that a modern audience can see that the wealth of the Camerons comes from the slaves, forced to do back-breaking work picking the cotton. This version was released on Blu-ray by Kino in the US, Eureka in the UK (as part of their "Masters of Cinema" collection) and Divisa Home Video in Spain. [39], For The Birth of a Nation, composer Joseph Carl Breil created a three-hour-long musical score that combined all three types of music in use at the time: adaptations of existing works by classical composers, new arrangements of well-known melodies, and original composed music. The masses are shown oppressed by a giant warlike figure who gradually fades away. Initially Justice White was not interested in seeing the film, but when Dixon told him it was the "true story" of Reconstruction and the Klan's role in "saving the South", White, recalling his youth in Louisiana, jumped to attention and said: "I was a member of the Klan, sir". The film presents the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) as a heroic force necessary to preserve American values and a white supremacist social order. The other is the Southern Camerons: Dr. Cameron, his wife, their three sons and two daughters. Phil, the elder Stoneman son, falls in love with Margaret Cameron, during the brothers' visit to the Cameron estate in South Carolina, representing the Old South. [126], In the film, Abraham Lincoln is portrayed in a positive light due to his belief in conciliatory postwar policies toward Southern whites. In New York there were Klan-themed balls and, in Chicago that Halloween, thousands of college students dressed in robes for a massive Klan-themed party. The Klansmen, with Ben at their head, race in to save them just in time. When the Civil War arrives, the young men of both families enlist in their respective armies. The Birth of a Nation was an epic historical drama about the American civil war and the rise of Ku Klux Klan. Ich denke, es ist nur passend, sein Leben schließlich auf die Leinwand zu bringen. [38] Though film was still silent at the time, it was common practice to distribute musical cue sheets, or less commonly, full scores (usually for organ or piano accompaniment) along with each print of a film. Those evolved enough to understand what they are looking at find the early and wartime scenes brilliant, but cringe during the postwar and Reconstruction scenes, which are racist in the ham-handed way of an old minstrel show or a vile comic pamphlet. Dixon's proceeds were the largest sum any author had received [up to 2007] for a motion picture story and amounted to several million dollars. The president's views are opposite those of Austin Stoneman, a character presented in a negative light, who acts as an antagonist. According to the letter, Wilson had been "entirely unaware of the character of the play [movie] before it was presented and has at no time expressed his approbation of it. Head, race in to save them just in time are intimidated not! 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